Per rank up, you’ll gain a 10% bonus to your base INT and STR stats. (This doesn’t include bonuses from equipment or buffs, they’re added after this bonus.)
The bonus is awarded when you rank up, so it starts off at +10% on Rank 2, +20% at Rank 3, etc.
This means at Rank 6, you’ll have a 50% bonus to base INT and STR, plus any other additional stats from equipments and buffs.