The potential of an item decreases by player trading, adding sockets, equipping magic amulets or failing an enhancement.
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When you have an item with 0 potential, it becomes untradeable and it cannot be enhanced. You can still use it.
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Upgrading an item is very simple. You purchase the Anvil item from the merchant NPC. Right-click it in your inventory, then you will choose your target item. Click on the button to start with the enhancement.
After this, an anvil will appear on the ground and you have to smack it with a basic attack (or skills) a couple of times to enhance it. That’s it. Upgrading will cost you money, and it becomes gradually expensive the higher your enhance level becomes.
The first five levels are 100% for weapons and for accessories it is the first three levels if I’m correct, but after that it has a chance of failing. You will receive a special effect on your weapon if you can get it to +15.
Also, when enhancing weapons past a certain level, if it fails, the potential of that item will decrease by 1.
When the potential falls below 0, the item will be destroyed.
Hope this is clear for you now.